微波技术在分析化学中的应用进展

综述了近10年来微波技术在分析化学领域中的应用,详细介绍了微波消解和微波萃取在分析化学中的应用进展。     

基于集对分析与NSGA-Ⅱ的生产作业多目标优化

针对生产过程中生产作业的优化调度问题,以生产质量、效率和成本阈值为约束条件,基于集对分析建立了的生产质量—效率—成本控制的生产作业多目标优化模型;利用快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）求解优化模型,得到相对确定条件下质量—效率—成本控制的Pareto最优解集。决策者依据实际生产过程需要,为各项生产作业从Pareto最优解集中筛选最合理的调度方案。最后,通过算例仿真验证了结合集对分析与NSGA-Ⅱ的方法解决生产作业多目标优化问题的准确性、有效性和实用性。     

Pattern recognition for characterization of pharmaceutical powders

A large part of pharmaceutical manufacturing involves the use of particulate materials. It is well known that both particle size and shape affect the physical characteristics of tablets. An image processing and analysis algorithm based on the invariant image moment technique was developed in this work to determine the particle shape by comparing features (moments) extracted from templates to those extracted from each of the objects in the image. First it determines the particle shape (rectangle, circle, etc.) and then calculates its specific dimensions (diameter, aspect ratio).The statistical validation of the vision system obtained a repeatability of 0.0012 in and 0.5% relative standard deviation and accuracy within 0.1 to 0.9% of the average value considered as true value. Also the pattern recognition technique indicated high precision and accuracy for images containing particles with some level of contact between them. The shape recognition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) indicated that particles of equant and acicular shape as defined by USP are predominant. The results suggest that image processing and analysis would be a suitable tool for pharmaceutical process analytical technologies (PAT) and process optimization.     

基于空间网格划分的多目标进化算法

为了有效求解多目标优化问题,找到分布宽广、均匀的Pareto解集,提出了一个基于空间网格划分的进化算法。将目标空间网格化,利用网格的位置,删除大量被支配个体。在杂交算子中利用了单个目标最优的个体信息,以增加非劣解的宽广性。利用一种新设计的基于最大距离排序的方法删除非劣解集中多余个体。数值实验表明提出的算法是可行有效的。     

一种基于SBL和APIT的混合定位算法

由于子区域分割粒度的限制,基于阶次序列的定位算法(Sequence-based localization,SBL)存在边缘区域节点定位误差较大和不能保证平均定位误差性能的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于SBL和APIT的混合定位算法,利用APIT信标三角形切割SBL算法子区域,减小子区域面积,实现了分割粒度的细化。通过预先进行系统训练,优化了混合算法的加权系数,进一步提升了算法的定位精度。仿真结果表明,相比于原算法,所提出的混合算法有效地提升了边界区域节点的定位精度,其平均定位误差降低了17.9%,使基于阶次序列的定位算法的定位精度得到了有效改善。     

Effects of neutral solvent addition on the body-centered cubic spheres of block copolymers

We employ self-consistent mean-field (SCMF) theory in studying the body-centered cubic (bcc) spheres of block copolymers in the presence of a neutral solvent. First we examine the accuracy of the dilution approximation then analyze the dependence of the bcc structural sizes with copolymer volume fraction ?, the interaction parameter χ_AB, and degree of copolymerization N. Our results reveal that both distribution of each component and the micro-structural length scales are greatly influenced by each parameter ?, χ_AB, and N. As expected, with decreasing ?, more solvent distributes non-uniformally in the segregated domains, therefore deviation from the dilution approximation increases. This also suggests that when the effective segregation parameter ?χ_ABN is fixed, a larger deviation is expected as χ_ABN increases (i.e. ? decreases). Although when both χ_ABN and ? are fixed, decreasing N (i.e. increasing χ_AB) enlarges the deviation from the dilution approximation. Furthermore, this solvent non-uniformity behavior is so significant that it even affects the dependence of the domain spacing L^* and the matrix length Λ^* with respect to (χ_AB)_effN=?χ_ABN near the ODT. When the systems are in molten state and/or in the concentrated regime, both L^* and Λ^* exhibit a sharp increase behavior as ODT is approached, due to many of the minority blocks being pulled from the spherical domains and swelling the matrix. With increasing solvent amount and/or χ_ABN, we observe that the increase of the degree for the minority blocks pulled from the spheres into the matrix near the ODT is not as significant as that in the melt. As such, the sharp increase behavior in L^* as well as Λ^* near the ODT smoothens and even disappears.     

ATP的分析方法综述

本文综述了当前的ATP分析方法，比较了各方法的分析原理，优缺点及使用范围。     

在线分析仪表水封结构的改进

原在线分析仪表的水封工作时,存在样气串气、带尘、带液现象,造成在线分析仪器的腐蚀并影响仪表指示,致使分析结果不准确或出现故障。水封结构改进后,在线分析系统的稳定性、可靠性大为提高。     

The Viscosity of cottonseed oil,fractionation solvents and their solutions

Cold fractionation of cottonseed oil is made difficult by the high viscosity of the oil. This study was aimed at demonstrating the effect of solvents on the viscosity of mixtures between 0°C and 25°C with a view to facilitating the fractionation of refined cottonseed oil. The solvents used were acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, hexane and heptane. Measurements of viscosity were carried out by means of a capillary viscometer. The ratio of the viscosity of cottonseed oil to that of pure solvents is of the order of 300. The viscosities of solutions of various ratios of solvent to oil (1/3, 1/1, 3/1) are between those of cottonseed oil and the pure solvents. The effect of the solvent/oil ratio overrides that of solvent nature. The effect of solvent in reducing the viscosity of cottonseed oil is by descending order: acetone, hexane, methylethylketone, heptane, methylisobutylketone.